Gene Set Collection

p53-dependent apoptosis

The inactivation of p53 by Mdm2 is counteracted by mechanisms involving post-translational modification of p53, or the Mdm2 inhbibitor ARF. Through its activity as a sequence-specific transcriptional activator, p53 increases the expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Potential transcriptionindependent functions of p53 co-operate with the Bcl-2 protein to induce the release of apoptogenic factors (depicted as circles) from the mitochondrial outer membrane. Released apoptogenic factors facilitate the activation of the effector caspases through the Apaf-1-caspase 9-apoptosome. ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein ; ATR, ataxia telangiectasia-related ; PML, promyelocytic leukaemia protein ; ARF, alternative reading frame of p16 protein. (Contributed by Dr. Koji Nakade)

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